Consonants |
IPA |
Examples |
b |
buy, cab |
d |
dye, cad, do |
ð |
thy, breathe, father |
dʒ |
giant, badge, jam |
f |
fan, caff, phi |
ɡ (ɡ)[1] |
guy, bag |
h |
high, ahead |
j[2] |
yes, hallelujah |
k |
sky, crack |
l |
lie, sly, gal |
m |
my, smile, cam |
n |
nigh, snide, can |
ŋ |
sang, sink, singer |
θ |
thigh, math |
p |
pie, spy, cap |
r |
rye, try, very[3] |
s |
sigh, mass |
ʃ |
shy, cash, emotion |
t |
tie, sty, cat, atom |
tʃ |
china, catch |
v |
vie, have |
w |
wye, swine |
hw |
why[4] |
z |
zoo, has |
ʒ |
equation, pleasure, vision, beige[5] |
Marginal consonants |
x |
ugh, loch, Chanukah[6] |
ʔ |
uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/ |
|
Vowels |
IPA |
Full vowels |
... followed by R[7] |
ɑː |
PALM, father, bra |
ɑr |
START, bard, barn, snarl, star (also /ɑːr./) |
ɒ |
LOT, pod, John[8] |
ɒr |
moral, forage |
æ |
TRAP, pad, shall, ban [9] |
ær |
barrow, marry[10] |
aɪ |
PRICE, ride, file, fine, pie[11] |
aɪər |
Ireland, hire (/aɪr./) |
aɪ.ər |
higher, buyer[12] |
aʊ |
MOUTH, loud, foul, down, how |
aʊər |
flour (/aʊr./) |
aʊ.ər |
flower[12] |
ɛ |
DRESS, bed, fell, men[13] |
ɛr |
error, merry[13] |
eɪ |
FACE, made, fail, vein, pay |
ɛər |
SQUARE, mare, scarce, cairn, Mary (/eɪr./)[14] |
eɪ.ər |
mayor[12] |
ɪ |
KIT, lid, fill, bin |
ɪr |
mirror, Sirius |
iː |
FLEECE, seed, feel, mean, sea |
ɪər |
NEAR, beard, fierce, serious (/iːr./)[15] |
iː.ər |
freer |
ɔː |
THOUGHT, Maud, dawn, fall, straw[16] |
ɔr |
NORTH, born, war, Laura (/ɔːr./)[17][18] |
ɔː.ər |
sawer |
ɔɪ |
CHOICE, void, foil, coin, boy |
ɔɪər |
loir (/ɔɪr./) |
ɔɪ.ər |
lawyer[12] |
oʊ |
GOAT, code, foal, bone, go[19] |
ɔər |
FORCE, more, boar, oral (/oʊr./)[17][18] |
oʊ.ər |
mower |
ʊ |
FOOT, good, full, woman |
ʊr |
courier |
uː |
GOOSE, food, fool, soon, chew, do |
ʊər |
boor, moor, tourist (/uːr./)[17][18] |
uː.ər |
truer |
juː |
cued, cute, mule, tune, queue, you[20] |
jʊər |
cure |
juː.ər |
fewer |
ʌ |
STRUT, mud, dull, gun[21] |
ʌr |
borough, hurry |
ɜr |
NURSE, word, girl, fern, furry |
Reduced vowels |
ə |
Rosa’s, a mission, quiet, focus |
ər |
LETTER, perceive |
ɨ |
roses, emission[22] (either ɪ or ə) |
ən |
button |
ɵ |
omission[23] (either oʊ or ə) |
əm |
rhythm |
ʉ |
beautiful, curriculum ([jʉ])[24] (either ʊ or ə) |
əl |
bottle |
i |
HAPPY, serious[25] (either ɪ or iː) |
ᵊ, ⁱ |
(vowel is frequently dropped: nasturtium) |
|
Stress |
Syllabification |
IPA |
Examples |
IPA |
Examples |
ˈ |
intonation /ˌɪntɵˈneɪʃən/,[26]
battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/[27] |
. |
moai /ˈmoʊ.aɪ/, Windhoek /ˈvɪnt.hʊk/
Vancouveria /væn.kuːˈvɪəriə/
Mikey /ˈmaɪki/, Myki /ˈmaɪ.kiː/[28] |
ˌ |
|
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